The field of integrated water vapor over northeastern Siberia from the data of global navigation satellite systems

© 2016, Allerton Press, Inc.Seasonal and diurnal variations in integrated water vapor over northeastern Siberia derived from the data of global navigation satellite systems are considered. It is demonstrated that integrated water vapor is characterized by asymmetric annual variations with the maximum in July and with the minimum in February. The meridional gradient of integrated water vapor during the year varies from -8.7 mm/1000 km in July to -0.5 mm/1000 km in February. The zonal gradient reaches 1.0 mm/1000 km in July and -2.8 mm/1000 km in September. It is shown that the diurnal maximum of integrated water vapor is registered in the evening and at night and the amplitude of diurnal variations is 0.25-0.70 mm in summer and 0.08-0.21 mm in winter

Diurnal variations in integrated water vapor derived from a GPS ground network in the Volga-Ural region of Russia

© Author(s) 2017.In this article, we present estimates of diurnal and semidiurnal harmonics of variations in integrated water vapor content (IWV) according to data from 16 GPS stations in the Volga-Ural region of Russia during 2013-2015. Amplitudes of diurnal harmonics are maximal in summer and reach values from 0.37 to 1.01ĝ€mm. Time at the maximum of diurnal harmonic is typically in the period from 14:00 to 17:00. Semidiurnal harmonics have the largest amplitudes in spring and autumn, but they do not exceed 0.19ĝ€mm. A comparison of the diurnal cycle from GPS data and ERA-Interim reanalysis has revealed significant differences in the phase. It is established that, as a result of evaporation from the underlying surface and convective lifting of moist air, the summer diurnal variations in IWV and surface density of water vapor are in antiphase. The diurnal cycle of IWV is determined by surface air temperature to be 88ĝ€% in summer and less than at 35ĝ€% in other seasons. It is noted that maximal amplitudes of diurnal harmonic of IWV are observed at stations located on the windward side of mountains

Mining waste utilization in the production of building materials

Possibilities of utilization of Olenegorsk iron ore deposit and Khibiny apatite-nepheline ore deposit overburden rocks (Kola Peninsula, Russia) in the production of building materials have been considered. It has been shown that overburden rocks minerals, particularly nepheline, chemically react with cement phase thereby consolidating the contact zone. According to the obtained results the overburden rocks can be used in road building, civil and industrial engineering

Utilization of ferrous-magnesium slag for production of binding materials

Utilization of Pechenganickel, Severonickel and Norilsk Nickel smelter plants ferrous-magnesium slag for production of Portland slag cement, lime-slag cement and alkali-activated slag cement has been considered. Influence of mechanical activation of ferrous-magnesium slag, in air and in carbon dioxide atmosphere, on its binding properties has been studied. It has been shown that preliminary mechanical activation in CO2 results in an increase of compressive strength of alkali-activated slag cement. Interaction between mechanically activated slag and liquid glass has been characterized using SEM and microprobe technique

Nanoindentation and Strain Characteristics of Nanostructured Boride/Nitride Films

The hardness, elastic modulus, and elastic recovery of nanostructured boride/nitride films 1–2 µm thick have been investigated by the nanoindentation technique under the maximum loads over a wide range (from 5 to 100 mN). It is demonstrated that only the hardness parameters remain constant at small loads (5–30 mN). The data obtained are discussed and compared with the parameters determined by other methods

Mechanisms of exchange interactions in some transition metal carboxylates, sulfates, and chlorides

Experimental data on magnetic properties of dimeric carboxylates, [LM(OOCR)2]2, and polymeric sulfates (N2H5)2M(SO4)2 and chlorides AMCl3, where M is a transition metal, are analyzed using the exchange channel model described elsewhere. The model is shown to readily explain considerable variations of exchange parameters in the carboxylate series (M = Ti(III), V(III), Mn(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II)). Analysis of exchange parameter values reveals that only little exchange occurs across the M-O-S-O-M π-system in metal sulfates. Evidence is presented of direct exchange in the chlorides, AMCl3. © 1977 Springer-Verlag

Determination of troposphere characteristics using signals of satellite navigation systems

Based on two-frequency phase measurements of GNSS signals by ground-based receivers, zenith delays of radio signals in the troposphere are estimated. These estimates are compared with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data on weather fields. It is shown that the standard deviation in the values of zenith delays obtained in both ways is about 1 cm on average. According to our calculations, such a level of accuracy permits one to study the interday and intraday dynamics of the troposphere. The temporal resolution of estimates based on the GNSS data is 2 h, which makes it possible to organize atmosphere monitoring using a ground-based network of satellite tracking systems. © 2012 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

[Review] Biographical Dictionary of the Social Movements in Modern Japan

© 2012, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Variations in the atmospheric integrated water vapor obtained from the phase measurement by satellite navigation systems’ receivers are discussed. The comparison between numerical weather reanalysis fields and solar photometer measurements has shown an agreement with a relative deviation of less than 10%. Intraseasonal processes of 3–45 days in length significantly contribute to variations in the atmospheric integrated water vapor; their amplitude is 1–4 kg/m2. Variations with periods from 3 to 10 days are the most frequent

Variations in the atmospheric integrated water vapor from phase measurements made with receivers of satellite navigation systems

© 2012, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Variations in the atmospheric integrated water vapor obtained from the phase measurement by satellite navigation systems’ receivers are discussed. The comparison between numerical weather reanalysis fields and solar photometer measurements has shown an agreement with a relative deviation of less than 10%. Intraseasonal processes of 3–45 days in length significantly contribute to variations in the atmospheric integrated water vapor; their amplitude is 1–4 kg/m2. Variations with periods from 3 to 10 days are the most frequent